Symbolism and Motifs in Macbeth - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1094 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/02/20 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Macbeth Essay Did you like this example? In any story the use of symbolism helps create meaning and emotion to convey the message behind that story while a motif is any recurring element that has symbolic significance in a story. William Shakespeare, the author of Macbeth, uses an array of symbolism and motifs in Macbeth. However, blood is one of the most prominent and well used motifs in the play. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Symbolism and Motifs in Macbeth" essay for you Create order As blood is usually the symbol for violence or death in real life, it is used in addition, as a different type of symbol in Macbeth. Blood will not only convey the idea of death and murder but also the idea of guilt. Shakespeare also used blood to symbolize the characters Macbeth and Lady Macbeth and the guilt they suffered. The first glimpse of Macbeth makes reference to him being a killer who takes others’ lives for personal gain, many see this as a foreshadowing of the bloodier things to come in the rest of the story. The placement and location of blood juxtaposes where Macbeth and Lady Macbeth would like to place the blame for the murders and where the responsibility is actually confined. The appearance of blood makes allusions to the text to reveal their uncontrollable, self consuming guilt. Blood plays a key role for the foundation of Macbeth as it is mentioned in every act of the play. The use of blood in Act I appeared in a conversation between Duncan and the Captain which was a foreshadowing to Macbeth’s bloodthirsty nature and his ruthlessness in committing murder. Blood makes their conversation more serious because blood represents fight or war. This mention of blood shows Macbeth and his willingness to kill, which then hints at the future of the play. It also represents the captain’s bravery even in the current state he was in. Not only did it signify bravery but it gave presence to Macbeth’s heroic qualities. The allusions to blood don’t take away from the actual purpose of blood, which is a source of life and places a vital role in keeping us alive. As displayed, in order for blood to be a motif it has to be introduced and then continue to escalate in the play. Shakespeare makes sure he uses the motif, blood, not only to convey one ce ntral idea but several. Even though we see blood as an image of death, the use of blood in the first seen is used to balance out the negative connotations of blood that are still to come in the next four acts. The images of blood portrayed in the second act can be taken in a literal and figurative sense. The first use of blood appears in the soliloquy in scene one. Macbeth questions himself on the fact if the dagger is and image of his mind or a false creation. A bell is rung at the end of the scene and is a reminder to him that the things he is about to commit will either take him into heaven or hell. Lady Macbeths role comes into fruition in scene two when she states that she would have the courage to kill Duncan but she did not because she resembled her father while she was sleeping. After Macbeth killed Duncan, per her request, he appeared in front of Lady Macbeth with bloody hands and is instructed to wash it with water and put the evidence at the servants pillows so that they would take the blame for killing Duncan. For Macbeth and Lady Macbeth the blood represents their crime, and they can not escape the sin of their actions. Macbeth knows what he has done has been to a good king an d he may not be able to live up to the expectations. In time Macbeth comes to a realization that he will get what he deserves. However he can not rid himself of guilt anymore and admits himself that all the water in the ocean could not cleanse his hands. Macbeth believes his actions from the murder will stain the ocean red, because of the blood spilt on his behalf. In scene three Macbeth notices Donalbain has a pale face because the fountain of your blood is stopped and Lennox reports the imagery of blood in the hands and faces of the servants. Still in Act two Macbeth feels no guilt becuase he is still putting his servants at blame. Banquo refers to Duncan’s murder as the most bloody piece of work. In the end of the act Macbeth, Malcom, and Donalbain are suspicious of the killing of Duncan because of how ambitious and were bribed. Act three has limited allusions of blood but it still gets the point of guilt across. With the use of blood in scene one Macbeth refers to Banquo. â€Å"Bloody distance† is used to show that Macbeth considers Banquo a threat, but it also represents the danger that is yet to come. The next blood appearance does not come until scene four. Blood is used as a foreshadowing for a tragedy that might continue to happen. When they said â€Å"blood will have blood† it means that the people they have killed will have their revenge. Although there are only two uses of blood in Act III it plays a larger role. Just like act three act four is limited in the mentions of blood, but deep with its meanings. During Act IV Macbeth is plagued with different types of apparitions, at this point Macbeth can feel the guilt. The witches make the apparitions to give Macbeth a glimpse into his future. The second apparition of the bloody child is to inform Macbeth that no one who was born form a woman can hurt him. This shows that blood represents badness and sadness. Foreshadowing comes into play again when Shakespeare continues to foreshadow the bad mood that will continue to loom over into the next few scenes and acts. During the second apparation blood is mentioned again to tell Macbeth to be cruel and cold blooded which lets the audience know that Macbeth will also act cruel. The last mention of blood comes between Macduff and Malcom discuss Macbeth. The sentence about blood means that they agree that Macbeth is a brutal person. Shakespeare will continue to point out how brutal Macbeth really is. Ag ain with the dual uses of blood, Shakespeare adds a little tension to the scene because blood always seems to be connected to bad things. Despite the little uses of blood, it gives readers an insight on what will happen next.

Group Dynamics in Twelve Angry Men Free Essays

The movie â€Å"12 Angry Men† is a fascinating and insightful examination of a diverse group of twelve jurors who are uncomfortably brought together to deliberate the â€Å"facts† of a seemingly open-and-shut murder trial. The premise is the trial of a frightened, teenaged defendant accused of stabbing and killing his father. However, there is an underlying sense that the jurors, themselves, and the American judicial system, are on trial as well. We will write a custom essay sample on Group Dynamics in Twelve Angry Men or any similar topic only for you Order Now The trial by jury system is supposed to produce a unanimous decision in an objective, fair and unbiased manner. This film takes more than a glimpse behind the closed doors of a jury room and reveals that it†s anything but what we would expect. So, what went wrong? In order to answer that question, we must examine the twelve jurors and their personalities, their ability – and often inability – to communicate clearly, and the positive and negative aspects of their conflict management processes. The jurors are a group of predominately middle-aged white males. That†s about where the similarities end. Their personalities, prejudices, weaknesses, socio-economic and cultural differences, priorities, ignorance, and fears often cause them to avoid the true issues of the case. The foreman of the jury (Juror #1) is an assistant high school football coach but lacks any natural leadership skills. Throughout the proceedings, he tries to keep the proceedings formal but is easily frustrated and sensitive when his â€Å"authority† or control is threatened. Juror #2 is a meek and mild bank teller who seems to try to avoid conflict at all costs. Juror #3 runs a messenger service and is a rude bully. He is extremely opinionated and biased, loud-mouthed, intolerant and temperamental. Although defiant to the end, it†s later discovered that his own personal conflicts greatly influence his behavior. Juror #4 is a stockbroker. He†s very logical, self-assured, and rational. It†s apparent early in the movie that he has an amazing recall about the evidence introduced in the case and has kept meticulous notes. Juror #5 is a reserved and quiet man. He is apparently ashamed of his slum-dwelling upbringing and hesitant at first to speak up. It†s possible that he has a Hispanic heritage, but this is only speculation. Juror #6 is a blue-collar painter. A natural follower, he seems to have difficulty in making his own decisions. He†s intolerant of disrespect towards the older juror. Juror #7 is a salesman whose main interest is getting to a baseball game that he has tickets for. He lacks any compassion or concern for the defendant†s life. Juror #8 is a patient and thoughtful architect. A natural leader, he often persuades others through his calm logical reasoning. He is focused on the gravity of the case and is able to separate others personal prejudices from the task at hand. Juror #9 is the eldest man in the group. He†s at the twilight of his life and has uncanny powers of observation and perception. Juror #10 is an intolerant, racist, and angry man. He uses no logical reasoning skills and tries to force his emotional and bitter opinions on others. Juror #11 is a recent immigrant to the United States. He is well spoken and has a much deeper respect for the American judicial system than the rest of the group. He is polite and occasionally clever, but also resolute and open-minded. Juror #12 is a superficial advertising man. He seemingly lacks any real convictions about anything as evidenced by his constant swaying to others opinions. These men all have obvious strengths and weaknesses. And, they each have their different and unique individual life experiences and attitudes. But it†s precisely those differences that affect how they are able to interact with each other (although often ineffectively) to work through the task that†s been given to them. Further, the only way to convey those differences, those things that are important or unimportant to them, is through communication. As is often the case, how we communicate with others determines the results that we achieve. If we communicate effectively, others can easily grasp our ideas and intentions. If, however, we utilize poor communications skills, our true objectives become confusing, misinterpreted, or lost altogether. Twelve Angry Men gives excellent examples of both clear, concise, and reasonable communication skills as well as inadequate, appalling, and exasperating ones. Henry Fonda (Juror #8) was far and away the most effective communicator of this group. Perhaps this is why he was able to eventually achieve the unlikely feat of swaying the other eleven jurors. After the initial vote was taken, the emotionally charged group immediately became insolent. Fonda was able to not only convey his intentions of not emotionally pre-judging the young defendant, but did so in such a way that was not directly confrontational. He openly admits that he doesn†t necessarily believe the boys story, but tries to refocus the group towards the legal standards set forth by the judge. He suggests that the group spend just one hour discussing the case and weighing the facts, rather than sending the boy off to die without at least some thought. Throughout the movie Fonda is able to argue and counter-argue his doubts with a rational, thoughtful cool-headedness that made it difficult for the other jurors to deny. Juror #4 (E. G. Marshall) was also an effective communicator. His arguments for guilt were clear, concise, and matter-of-fact. However, he often presented arguments in a smug, conceited manner. I think it was only Fonda†s appeal to his logical side that eventually won Juror #4 over. On the other side of the coin, it was the total lack of communication skills that seriously hampered the arguments of Juror #†s 3 and 10. Juror #3 (Lee J. Cobb) was abrasive and blustery. He was a bully in the worst sense of the word. He had no rational arguments of his own, and tried to use others as a springboard for his emotional personal attacks. He obviously felt very strongly about the boys guilt, (albeit for the wrong reasons), but was never able to forward any coherent reasoning to express that. Instead he used insults, assaults and threats to make up for his lack of coherent discussion. Juror #10 was just plain offensive. He was not capable of issuing any arguments, only violent outbursts of ignorant prejudice. It was precisely these types of communication and personality types that served to most influence the group†s dynamics throughout the movie. Even though the initial vote was 11-1 for guilty, it can be contended that the group was possibly more divided. Six of the jurors, (Juror #†s 1, 3, 4, 7, 10, and 12), raised their hands for a guilty verdict almost immediately. Yet, five of the remaining six (Juror #†s 2, 5, 6, 11, and 9) were initially hesitant with their vote. They raised their hands only after seeing how quickly the others raised theirs. This is what Forsyth (1999) probably would have called compliance, â€Å"Compliance occurs when group members privately disagree with the group, but publicly express an opinion that matches the opinions expressed by the majority of the group† (179). This assumption could be reinforced by the order in which the jurors changed their votes. The five jurors originally hesitant were the first ones to switch their votes to not guilty as the meeting progressed. The foreman†s inability to lead effectively was another major component of the group†s dynamics in this case. Juror #1†³s deficiency caused the group to be more responsive to Juror #8†³s natural leadership skills. The acceptance of Juror #8†³s leadership facilitated the unlikely transition of the group from a guilty verdict to one of not guilty. Forsyth (1999) explains, â€Å"In general, the greater the perceived competency and group-centered motivation of the individual, the more influential the minority† (185). Juror #8 gained idiosyncrasy credits with the group as the meeting progressed and slowly developed his credibility. â€Å"These credits accumulate during the course of interaction, typically as a member contributes to the progress of the group toward desired goals† (Forsyth, 1999, p. 186). Twelve Angry Men is a movie about conflict and conflict resolution. When Juror #8 raises his hand to cast the only not guilty vote he throws the group into conflict. But, it is this same conflict that enables the group to intelligently complete their task. According to Forsyth (1999), â€Å"Exposure to others† positions, in addition to providing additional information and prompting a more thorough analysis of that information, can also cause group members to reinterpret, or cognitively restructure, key aspects of the issue† (191). After the initial vote, tempers flared, votes changed, divisions were created, emotions were exhibited, and prejudices were displayed. Throughout the rest of the movie though, the group, perhaps unconsciously, moved towards conflict resolution. Persuasion gives way to arguing, emotions take place of logic, and the once unified group splits into factions and coalitions. This period of conflict escalation is, in most cases, followed by a reduction in conflict and, ideally, conflict resolution† (Forsyth, 1999, p. 237). â€Å"Insofar as conflict is resolved successfully, it has stabilizing functions and becomes an integrating component of the group relationship† (Forsyth, 1999), p. 263). These twelve jurors began with conflict, proceeded through often-heated conflict escalation, and eventually came to resolution. They may not have bonded emotionally together, but they were able to produce the best results with the tools they were given. It can†t be said for sure if the experience would have changed their attitudes permanently, but it is unlikely. However, it is hoped that those of us who view the film will not be so quick to judge after seeing the â€Å"facts† in our own situations. To convict the young man based on their prejudices, emotions, or apathy would have been a travesty of justice. But, with group observation, discussion, and logical reasoning, (even if forced by conflict), we can all make better decisions. How to cite Group Dynamics in Twelve Angry Men, Essay examples

Wind Energy Essays - Wind Power, Wind Turbines, Electric Power

Wind Energy For many centuries wind has been used as a reliable source of energy. It is clean and inexhaustible. Wind is used to make the job of a human simpliar. It is used for grinding grain, pumping water, and to enable sail boats to move. Though often the amount of wind power varies depending on the climate of an area. Although wind power is only used in selected areas the recent interest in fuel conservation has sparked the development of windfarms. In the 1980's a studied showed that in order to produce one kilowatt- hour of energy cost 4 cents. The best known horizontal axis machine in the United States is the American farm windmill which is frequently used to pump water. This machine has rotor with up to 20 blades mounted on a horizontal shaft and a tail-vane. A tail-vane is to keep the rotor facing inot the wind by swiveling the machine. Unlike the farm windmill, the modern windmill only use four blades to generate electricity and are able to operate at high rotor speeds. The Jacobs three blade windmill, which was used widely between 1930 and 1960, could deliver about I kilowatt of power at a typical wind speed of 14 miles per hour. Lately a different type of windmill has been used. It is a large horizontal two bladed wind turbine. These were first installed in Ohio in 1975. Another type of windmill which has a rotor diameter of 400 feet and a shaft height of 250 can produce 6,200 kilowatts of power . These were first places in oahu, Hawaii. The term "wind farm" is used for a large number of wind mills, that are clusters at a site with a moderately constant wind, These are generally near mountain passes. With in the united states wind farms appear in New Hampshire, California, and Hawaii. At these sites the machine capacities range from 10 to 500 kilowatts. In 1984 the total energy output of all the wind farms in the united states exceeded 150 million kilowatt-hours.

War Trash

War Trash Introduction War Trash is a fictional novel written by Ha Jin and published in 2004. The novel is about the predicaments of North Koreans and Chinese POWs during the Korean War. The author uses Yu Yuan to narrate the experience of POWs in the camps. War Trash is basically set in a prisoner of war camp located in South Korea.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on War Trash specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The camp hosts both North Korean and Chinese soldiers captured by the American and South Korean army. The author dwells mainly on dissimilar thoughts held by the Chinese and North Korean POWs in relation to their native countries. Ha Jin uses Yu Yuan (the narrator) to reveal the narrator’s unique perception about his life and duties. He is also used in the novel to depict his principles of fairness, friendship, love as well as respect (Whipple 1). Results There are several themes that emerge from this novel . The struggle between political ideologies (communism versus democracy) is one such theme. For example, the pro-communist camp used propaganda to force POWs to be repatriated back to North Korea and China. On the other hand, the pro-Nationalist camp employs similar strategy to compel POWs to be taken to Taiwan, an island claimed to be democratic and free. For example, the North Korean POWs are enticed by the pro-Nationalist camp to accept repatriation to Taiwan where they will enjoy free life than one offered in their native North Korea country. The relevance of this theme is also highlighted by YU Yuan. We learn that he is a victim of ridicule back at home because of his close ties with the Nationalist camp. In addition, Yuan is unable to get any gainful employment (Amend 5). This novel uses Yu Yuan’s personal view to describe the major issues of the Korean War. The major theme of War Trash is that the North Koreans and Chinese supported each other to thwart effort by South Koreans to capture Manchuria. North Koreans, either Communist or Nationalist was merely fodder for the war and would lose everything irrespective of their choices. The novel also uses Yu Yuan to describe how it is very difficult to find a path for a â€Å"good† person to live in especially if the society is corrupted. Yuan (the main character) felt responsible for his fiancà ©e and mother and decided go back to China although he was not a communist. However, according to the society, it is better to die than be captured by the enemy. He would thus be treated as a traitor to the Communist cause if he went home. Nonetheless, Yu Yuan sacrifices himself and opted to go home to take care of his mother (Amend 5).Advertising Looking for research paper on literature languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Deception is another theme that emerges from this novel. Both side of the political divide lied to POWs. For example, the North Korean prisoners were promised by the Nationalists side a better and free life if they chose to be repatriated to Taiwan. But we learn from Yuan that this is a lie. Just like Yuan, the North Korean prisoner would receive cold reception in Taiwan due to their close ties with Communism. On the same note, if they opted to go back to their native country (North Korea), they would also be seen as traitors because they accepted to be captured by the enemy rather than die. In nutshell, both sides deceived the prisoners and everybody was used as a pawn. Thus, all characters in the novel are â€Å"war trash† (Reed Business Information1). We also learn from the novel that it is very had to find a path for a â€Å"good† person to live in a society that is corrupted. For example, the citizens living in both North Korea and mainland China are â€Å"corrupted† by Communism ideologies. Although Yuan and other POWs served their country with dedication during the war, they are accused of treason and treated as outcasts when they arrive home. The society cannot appreciate the fact that Yuan (being a good person) has decided to return home to take care of his mother. Traditionally, the Chinese and North Koreans value close family ties and young people are expected to take care of their aging family members. This is the main reason why Yuan decides to return home. However, instead of receiving praise from his members of the society for fulfilling his obligation, he is seen as a traitor (Whipple 4). Critical Review of War Trash War Trash is basically a by-product of creative imagination as well as extensive research (Yee 1). In spite of the fact that there exist some resemblance between Ha Jin (the author) and Yu Yuan (his narrator), the entire story is purely fictional. If the author feels the â€Å"full weight of the tattoo,† he does so only in his mind and soul because the tattoo is on the belly of Yu Yuan (the narrator) and not h is (Jin 5). In spite of the fact that War Trash evokes memories of a key historical occasion that affects both Yu Yuan as well as the readers, it is imperative to note that the major themes presented in this novel are not entirely about Korea, United States or China. On the contrary, the novel dwells on issues such as war and humanity which have universal appeal (Wong 5). The first chapter of the novel introduces Yu Yuan (the narrator) who happens to be a student at the Huangpu Military Academy. It is at this time (1949) when the Communist Party assumes control of China. Yu Yuan and other students at the academy willingly acknowledge the new government given their disgust of the defunct corruption-riddled Nationalist regime.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on War Trash specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More After his graduation from the military academy, Yu Yuan is posted to the head offices of the 180th Division, a unit mainly responsible for regional reconstruction. However, in 1951, the division is assigned new duties and instructed to initiates military plans to invade South Korea. After extensive training for weeks, the division finally enters Korea. While they are in Korea, the division comes under heavy attacks by America warplanes. In face of dwindling supplies of water and food and pounded by air and artillery attacks from all angles, the division disintegrates as some members of the North Korean and Chinese forces surrender. Later on, Yu Yuan joins Commissar Pei and spent his time reading Uncle Tom’s Cabin in to enhance his English skills and teach some English words to his withered counterparts. One day, the group is attacked and Yuan gets injured in the grenade explosion (Shy 3). Yu Yuan wakes up in a POW hospital and discovers that his left femur was badly injured in the grenade explosion. After undergoing several surgeries at the hospital, Yu Yuan receives news that his in jured leg will recover. Yu Yuan is taken through several physiotherapy sessions by Major Greene (a female medical doctor) to help him recover. During these sessions, Yu Yuan takes her through calligraphic lessons which she ignored to study while in a Shanghai school. He later comes into contact with Commissar Pei in a nearby compound. Pei instructs him to develop close ties with Dr. Greene in order to solicit information about the ongoing peace talks at Panmunjom. However, Yu Yuan is informed by the doctor that he is among the POWs to be transferred to Koje Island where most of the North Korean as well as Chinese prisoners of war are being held in captivity by the American forces (Shy 3). Ha Jin gives a vivid account of what transpires at the POWs camps. The struggles that emerge between American guards and their POW; between North Korean prisoners and their Chinese counterparts; and among Chinese prisoners who desire to go home and those who do not are described in somewhat spare p rose.Advertising Looking for research paper on literature languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Nonetheless, the author is able to capitalize on the chronological events of the Korean War as a background to depict a rather multifaceted condition of love, frailty, aspiration, as well as human tragedy presented from the narrator’s (Yu Yuan) personal viewpoint (Wong 6). Following his capture, Yu Yuan is taken to Pusan city where he is registered as a prisoner of war. Yu Yuan assumes a fake identity so as to conceal his military rank from his captors. Later on, his captors transfer him to Guh-Jae-Do Island where most of the captured prisoners are held. Yu Yuan is not happy to be in the pro-Nationalist camp. This is not because of his political ideology but rather he craves to be repatriated to China, his native country, in order to be with his mother as well as his fiancà ©e. If he chooses to go to Taiwan, his credibility in China would be irreparably damaged thereby making such a return unfeasible. Although his relationship with Huangpu grants him some level of comfort, h e is immediately captured by the pro-Nationalist group and tattooed with an English phrase Fuck Communism when he states his desire to be repatriated to Mainland China, his native country (Yee 3). The value of Yu Yuan to his captors increases after his capture. It is worthy to mention that the narrator was a cadet at Huangpu Military Academy even before the Communists assumed power in 1949. In addition, Yu Yuan is extremely valued by the Chinese for is exceptional skills in the English language. He was consequently drafted as an interpreter and played key roles during the negotiations with the Americans. Yu Yuan’s propensity to keep his own counsel as well as his military and academic background alienates him from his fellow prisoners who are being enticed to either defect to what is claimed as Free China (Taiwan, an island protected by American) or go back to their native country. Most of the prisoners at the camp desire to be repatriated to their homeland for ideological or financial reasons (Wong 6). However, Yu Yan wishes to go back to his homeland for a different reason. He merely wants to be repatriated to his native country to be with his fiancà ©e Julan as well as take care of his aging mother. This isolation enables Yu Yuan to watch unfolding events around him with an objective mind unlike many other prisoners who are deeply blinded by ideological commitments. This alienation also bolsters Yu Yuan’s tendency to pay no attention to labels such friend or foe, soldier or officer, Chinese or American. It is against this background that he impulsively attempts to help the desolate and the desperate prisoners in the camps irrespective of their labels-be they animals (such as the dog Blackie) or the young Shanmin, a fellow prisoner of war (Wong 6). The author also gives a vivid description of the inhumane conditions experienced by North Koreans POW at the camp. Ha Jin describes how prisoners spent most of their time in the camp. Most of them a re bored and depressed. In addition, they spent most of their time gambling and fighting especially over food. Moreover, the anti-Communist leaders single out those prisoners who decline to sign up for the supposed Free China (Taiwan Island) for special abuse. These conditions are further aggravated by the overcrowding in the pro-Communist tents which restricts movement. Prisoners held in the pro-Communist compound are given half the food rations offered to prisoners held in the Anti-Communist camps. The head of the anti-Communist compound is known as Liu Tai, a former Nationalist army sergeant who gave in to the American army at the first opportunity. Liu has a personal guard who intimidates prisoners in the camp. In fact, he is commonly referred to as Little Caesar by the Americans. The prisoners are also denied freedom of expression. This is illustrated by Bai Dajian, a young inmate at the compound. When Dajian cynically condemns the criminal ineptitude of their Communist leaders in the war, Yu Yuan tells him to shut up because spies are everywhere (Shy 4). Following his enrollment in the Communist camp, Yu is suspected for his close association with both the pro-Nationalists as well as Huangpu. Nonetheless, he is able to win the trust of his superiors due to his knowledge of English language. The conditions at the Communist camp are much better and the POWs initiate plans for a possible confrontation. Nonetheless, they cannot match up with their counterparts in the North Korean camp who posses immense local knowledge due to their constant interactions with their Pyongyang capital. Ultimately, the North Korean camp enlists support from the Chinese camp in order to capture General Bell (the leader of all the POW camps). Yu Yuan is selected by Commissar Pei, the Chinese camp leader, to facilitate the meetings between these two camps. The Chinese pro-Communist camp amasses information and relay it to the North Korean camp. This information is used to entice Ge neral Bell to attend concession meetings then capture him (Wong 7). Later on, the POWs are transferred to better camps on the island of Cheju. Nonetheless, prisoners are unable to organize any meaningful resistance since the camps on Cheju Island are well managed and security is top-notch. To complicate the matter, Commissar Pei is detached from the rest of prisoners. As a result, prisoners feel cut off from their native country and are concerned that they will be subjected to unfair treatment when they go back to mainland China. Nevertheless, given the inventive communication methods developed at the new camp, Pei is able to convey instructions to hoist locally-produced Chinese flags to commemorate national day. In spite of the fact that this move invigorates prisoners, it turns out to be counter-productive as confrontations ensue and many prisoners die in the ensuing skirmishes (Yee 6). The author employs a colorful narration style to portray the American attacks on North Korean l ines, the terrible fatalities, the starvation conditions that compel men to survive on water and flour for prolonged periods and their sense of desertion by their regime. For example, when Yu Yuan is injured in a grenade explosion, he is taken hostage and assigned to a prisoners of war camp where both the North Korean and mainland officers control some sections of it. It is also worthy to note that the entire camp is controlled by the Americans. Han Jin enlivens the proceedings in the camp as officers attempt to maintain order while the prisoners try to conceal their true identity. This is attributed to the fact that Chinese prisoners fear the impending backlash when they return to mainland China. Yu Yuan, just like other North Korean prisoners in the camp, is powerlessly coalesced by the forces of destiny, always striving to remain alive, always striving to comply with orders from his captors (irrespective of the fact that his captors mistreat North Korean and Chinese troops). As t he war comes to an end, new problems emerge. Yu Yuan is undecided on whether to go back home or opt for Taiwan where will be censured for his close ties with the Communist side (Whipple 4). Results and discussions Character Analysis Yu Yuan symbolizes a powerless individual who is part of a system that does not respect the wellbeing of individuals. Although Yuan wishes to return to his mother and fiancà ©e, he is worried about the way the society will treat him. Just like other North Korean and Chinese POWs described in War Trash, Yuan is evidently dejected and readers sympathize with him in spite of the fact that his personal character arises from his intrinsic character. Although War Trash portrays a whole culture, it does not dwell on love story, an aspect that joins other war novels and creates a link with readers. Nonetheless, War Trash stands out as a captivating and satisfying novel for readers who crave to learn about the influence of culture on behavior (Whipple 6). The au thor employs the historical background of the Korean War to present a vivid description of the characters in the War Trash. The characters are depicted as discrete social types: the feeble ones who lose hope and die; the collaborators; and the leaders who are undeniably motivated by a goal bigger than themselves. The creativity of the author is manifested by his characters in the novel: Yuan, the various North Korean Nationalists, American soldiers and Commissar Pei are extremely individualized. Nevertheless, they all mirror something of the social type. In other words, these characters depict the discrete marks of their social histories. All these characters- the intellectual jerked by revolution and war, the illiterate peasant enlisted into the army, the criminals, the coward who gives in or dies under pressure, the political elites inspired by higher ideologies, are all incarcerate in the POW camps. The real individual attributes and social type of a given character are interlace d together generating neither a fantastic phantom nor a stereotype. These types of characters exist even today. Yu Yuan inquires from an American prison priest why prisoners at the camp receive unequal treatment yet they are all sinners. The chaplain respond by saying that this is the way things should be carried out since Communist is wicked. It is worthy to note that this theme is very relevant today because if Islam was to replace Communism in any American camp today, it is highly likely that the same scene will replay itself (English 5). The novel also talks about the difficulties North Korean (and China) citizens experience as a result of political unrest. Often, the entire lives of the characters depicted in War Trash are determined by political commotions over which they had no control. War Trash poses salient questions on whether a person can truly live a free and good life in the society. The novel is about Yu Yuan who is valued by his Communist army and his captors because for his knowledge of English language. Although his does not subscribe to Communist Ideology, he must choose either to be repatriated to mainland China or Taiwan. Both choices have consequences. Nonetheless, he opts for China in order to be able to take care of his mother. It is also worthy note that the North Korean POWs have no value to the Communist Party who vilified them after the war ended irrespective of the numerous acts of loyalty they showed. Their only crime was that they were captured by the enemy (Reed Business Information 2). War Trash proceeds to reveal that devotion to a goal bigger than an individual is precisely how the characters regain self-respect. Yu Yuan is a moderately non-political individual. However, the sadism and hypocrisy of the Nationalist side makes him an active resister under Stalinist regime. It is worthy to note that this was the prevailing spirit during the war. Both the North Korean and Chinese people were against national and foreign tormenter s. War Trash reveals the manner in which these social processes take place in a prisoners of war camp. The novel uses great compassion to describe the feelings of unfair treatment and injustice that Yu Yuan and other inmates experience. They are subjected to poor conditions, torture, beatings and even some of their fellow inmates are killed. Nonetheless, they are able to affirm themselves as complete humans (Amend 76). Amend, Allison. Multicultural Voices: Asian-American Writers. New York: InfoBase Publishing, 2010. Print. English, Sandy. â€Å"Novel About POWs Wins PEN/Faulkner Award.† 2005. Web. Jin Ha. War Trash: A novel. New York: Pantheon Books, 2004. Print. Reed Business Information. â€Å"Editorial Reviews.† 2009. Web. Shy, John. â€Å"Ha Jin’s War Trash: Novel as Historical Evidence.† 2005. Web. Whipple, Mary. â€Å"Seeing the World through Books.† 2011. Web. Wong, C. Timothy. â€Å"A Review of War Trash: A Novel.† 2006. Web. Yee, D anny. â€Å"Danny Yee’s Book Reviews.† 2008. Web.

Costo de visa H-1B y 6 problemas para patrocinar

Costo de visa H-1B y 6 problemas para patrocinar La visa H-1B es adecuada para muchos perfiles de trabajadores extranjeros profesionales. Sin embargo las empresas son reacias a patrocinarlas por el costo y otros problemas. En este articulo se explica por quà © muchas  compaà ±Ãƒ ­as americanas rechazan incluso la posibilidad de patrocinar una visa H-1B o lo hacen muy restrictivamente. Eso es asà ­ sin menoscabo de que otras, generalmente grandes, sà ­ que optan por patrocinar aà ±o tras aà ±o. Costo de las visas H-1B Las empresas deben pagar al Servicio de Inmigracià ³n y Ciudadanà ­a (USCIS, por sus siglas en inglà ©s) una cuota por completar el formulario I-129 conocido en inglà ©s como Petition of a Noimmigrant Worker como paso previo a la obtencià ³n de la visa H-1B.   Las empresas entre 1 y 25 empleados a tiempo completo deben pagar actualmente $1,575, que puede incrementarse en cualquier momento. Sin embargo si la compaà ±Ãƒ ­a tiene ms de 25 empleados el costo se eleva a $2,325.   Adems, si se desea acelerar el proceso de tramitacià ³n es necesario pagar una cuota premium para asegurar una respuesta en el plazo de 15 dà ­as. Esto tiene un costo adicional de $1,225. Son las empresas las que tienen que correr con esos gastos. Es ilegal que el trabajador extranjero se haga cargo de ellos. Adems, hay que sumar el costo de abogados. 6 problemas para las empresas asociados a la visa H-1B Adems del costo, hay ms razones por las que las empresas prefieren no patrocinar. Entre ellos destacan por su importancia los siguientes 6: 1. La incertidumbre es otro de los factores que ms pesa a los empleadores para no solicitar una visa H-1B para un trabajador extranjero. Y es que salvo en el caso de instituciones u organizaciones que se dedican a la educacià ³n o a la investigacià ³n y que estn excluidas del là ­mite anual de visas H-1B la mayorà ­a de las empresas se encuentran con el hecho de que patrocinar a un trabajador no quiere decir, ni mucho menos, que vaya a obtener la visa. La razà ³n es que cada aà ±o fiscal hay un nà ºmero mayor de solicitantes que de visas disponibles, con lo que en los à ºltimos aà ±os se ha tenido que decidir mediante loterà ­a quià ©nes obtienen la visa. Y las empresas que necesitan a un trabajador no pueden estar limitados por la suerte o mala suerte que implica una loterà ­a. Una vez que la visa est solicitada es posible verificar su estatus online. 2. El tiempo es otra razà ³n de peso. Y es que para anotarse para la visa el plazo comienza cada aà ±o el 1 de abril. Sin embargo, aunque se gane el sorteo de la loterà ­a, no se puede comenzar a trabajar con la visa H-1B antes del 1 de octubre, es decir, con el inicio del nuevo aà ±o fiscal. De esta regla sà ³lo estn exentos las empresas no sujetas al cupo anual mximo de visas y pueden solicitar trabajadores a lo largo de todo el aà ±o. 3. El salario del trabajador es caro. La empresa tiene que ofrecer al trabajador extranjero lo que se conoce como sueldo predominante o en inglà ©s  Prevailing Wage. Para conocer cul el es el sueldo predominante para una determinada profesià ³n segà ºn el lugar de trabajo, la empresa que desea patrocinar puede consultar con el NPWC, que es una oficina del gobierno. Otra opcià ³n es consultar la Biblioteca Online de Salarios que se conoce en inglà ©s por las siglas de OWL. El requisito del salario predominante en la prctica puede suponer que podrà ­a encontrar un trabajador estadounidense o residente permanente ms barato. En la actualidad hay rumores de que con el gobierno de Trump una de las reformas migratorias afectar a la H-1B y precisamente en este punto y se han filtrado borradores en el que se indican sueldos superiores a los $130 mil como requisitos para una H-1B, si bien a dà ­a de hoy esto son solo especulaciones. 4. La empresa patrocinadora de una visa H-1B est sujeta a auditorà ­as por parte del Departamento de Trabajo (DoL por sus siglas en inglà ©s) y del Departamento de Seguridad Interna (DHS, por sus siglas en inglà ©s).   Adems, est obligada a mantener ciertos rà ©cords pà ºblicos. En otras palabras, las empresas que patrocinan este tipo de visas atraen sobre sà ­ un escrutinio adicional que no tienen las compaà ±Ãƒ ­as no patrocinadoras. 5. Si por cualquier razà ³n la empresa da por terminado antes de tiempo el contrato del trabajador que se encuentra en Estados Unidos con una visa H-1B, es responsable de pagar el ticket de regreso a su paà ­s del ex empleado. 6. Finalmente, un gran inconveniente para las empresas es que patrocinando una visa H-1B no resuelven de modo definitivo su necesidad por un trabajador con un determinado perfil. Y es que estas visas tienen una duracià ³n de 3 aà ±os ampliables por otros 3. Llegado ese momento el trabajador sale de Estados Unidos o la empresa le patrocina una tarjeta de residencia permanente, tambià ©n conocida como green card. Pero el patrocinio lleva aparejado ms trmites legales, como la peticià ³n de un Labor Certification, ms gestiones migratorias y, consiguientemente, ms gastos. Conclusià ³n y opciones a la visa H-1B En la prctica las visas H-1B no son fciles de obtener, no solo por la loterà ­a que implica un grado de suerte sino tambià ©n porque muchas empresas son reacias a iniciar el proceso debido a todos los problemas e inconvenientes que conlleva.   En este punto destacar que los chilenos tienen una cuota de visas H-1B reservada para ellos y que eso es un punto a favor, porque no entran a la loterà ­a y se pueden pedir en cualquier momento del aà ±o, es decir, cuando la empresa tiene la necesidad. Finalmente destacar que en el caso de profesionalistas mexicanos, un buen nà ºmero de profesiones permiten solicitar la visa TN. Por otro lado, para los profesionales de cualquier paà ­s con cualidades excepcionales en la Educacià ³n, Ciencias, Cine o Televisià ³n, Empresas, Artes o Deportes la visa O puede ser una buena opcià ³n. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

'How can participatory approaches influence all aspects of young Essay

'How can participatory approaches influence all aspects of young children's rights' - Essay Example However, when dealing with children, it is crucial that their rights are respected especially since they are the weak members of society and are currently unable to fend for themselves. Hence, it is important that people or agencies that have children as a component of what they do must take note that children have rights too and are fully entitled to these rights. As mentioned, with everybody else, they have their rights from birth and must never be discriminated. Freeman (1996) further emphasizes this point stating that despite the importance and extreme value of these rights, these are automatically owned. People must not work for these rights, toil; beg much more bleed for these rights. As such, though incapable of working and are generally dependent, children must be accorded these rights. Human rights are very important. Hence, the United Nations (UN) has crafted its declaration ratified by different country members to ensure its protection. It is through this declaration that the UN protects the rights of individuals as they continually support efforts and provide recognition for this birth right of everyone (United Nations’ Universal Declaration of Human Rights, UN 2011). However, since children are still unable to care for themselves much more know and defend their rights, the United Nations (UN) have put forth the Convention for the Rights of the Child (CRC) to provide additional protection that will ensure that children’s rights are upheld. Additionally, the CRC calls for the participation of children so that these rights may be practiced. The CRC also recognizes that adults play a crucial role for the rights to be enjoyed by every child (Nurick and Johnson, 2001). Main Body Recognizing Rights Early On As mentioned, rights are not given to anybody in the course of their lifetime hence it is not something to be taken away. These rights are born with every individual. Thus, it is important that appreciation of these rights start early for children. It then makes the integration of children’s rights during early child development crucial for the formative development of children. During these times, programs are utilized to influence the circumstances surrounding children as they grow up. Of course the family is considered since it is the immediate environment of the child. Then, the community is likewise considered and of course the institutions that are necessary for the early development of the child such as the availability of health centers and schools and the quality of service these institutions provide. Moreover, policies are also considered since these will impact on the opportunities for development as well as the protection of children’s rights (Arnold 2001). Policies play a key role since these is where funding for early childhood development comes from. An example would be the funding of the federal government of British Colombia (BC) so that there will be budget allocation to care for the unborn through pregnancy support, birth and on infancy. The government also supports parenting and the family and makes provisions for the improvement of the community and for early childhood development as well as children’s education and care. The support will really play a big role especially if this is calibrated with the

Regulatory and Economic Environment Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Regulatory and Economic Environment - Term Paper Example In fact, a somewhat 'hands-on' approach is used in order to have a say in the economy by the government. The regulatory framework in India is to provide accounting information so that the government can execute planning and managing of corporate behaviors. All companies are expected to be honest about their accounting practices irrespective of how big or small they are. Types of business organizations: Roberts, Weetman and Gordon stated, "an important economic feature influencing accounting is the type of business organization that dominates the economy. Two features of business organizations are particularly important in helping to explain accounting rules practices: stated that in India the business can be categorized into very large business houses, medium business organizations and very small businesses. There are many family-owned businesses too. Contrary to the popular belief the family-owned businesses in India are not always small. In fact, the largest business house in this country is a family business. Hence the regulatory framework is based on the size of the business organization. ...In fact the implementation of the International Accounting Standard - IAS 41Agriculture can be attributed to the pressure from agriculturally rich countries like India. India is growing by leaps and bounds in technical sectors and foreign trade and investments. Many multinational companies have opened their doors to India. So accounting regulations are also issued in the interest of foreign currency transactions and translation. Legal factor: India operates largely on the common law legal system but incorporates religious laws too. According to Institutional Shareholder Services, "India's Companies Act has been in place since 1956 and sets out the current three-tier system of administration on the national state and regional level" (para.5). The main purpose of common law in this country is to protect the owners of the companies.